Zingwe zamawaya, monga katundu wofunikira-kunyamula ndi kutumiza, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ponyamula makina, zikepe, milatho, migodi, ndi mainjiniya apanyanja. Kuchita kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji chitetezo ndi moyo wautumiki wa zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale kofunika kusankha ndikusamalira bwino. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zakusankha zingwe za waya, mitundu yodziwika bwino, njira zodzitetezera, ndi njira zosamalira.
I. Mfundo Zosankha Zingwe
Kusankhidwa kwa zingwe zamawaya kumafuna kulingalira mozama za malo ogwirira ntchito, mikhalidwe yolemetsa, ndi zofunikira zachitetezo. Choyamba, kutalika kwa chingwe cha waya, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndi mtundu wa kamangidwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ponyamula zingwe, zingwe zimayenera kulimba kwambiri, kotero kuti -mphamvu ndi kutha-zinthu zosagwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwambiri. Pazida zolondola monga ma elevator, kusinthasintha ndi magwiridwe antchito ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Chachiwiri, kusankha zingwe za waya kumafunanso kulingalira za kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri. M'malo achinyezi, amchere-otsitsira, kapena m'malo ochita dzimbiri, zingwe zamawaya kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakondedwa kuti zizilimba. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolumikizira (kumanzere-dzanja lamanja-) ndi kuchuluka kwa zingwe (monga 6×19, 6×37, ndi zina zotero) za chingwecho zimakhudzanso kusinthasintha kwake komanso kulimba kwake, ndipo ziyenera kugwirizana molingana ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
II. Mitundu Yodziwika ya Chingwe Waya
Chingwe cha waya chikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera kapangidwe kake. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi:
6 × 19 chingwe cha waya: Chimakhala ndi zingwe 6 za mawaya 19 achitsulo pa chingwe chilichonse. Zimapereka mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kuvala ndipo ndizoyenera kunyamula ndi kunyamula.
Chingwe cha waya cha 6 × 37: Chopangidwanso ndi zingwe 6, koma ndi mawaya 37 achitsulo pa chingwe chilichonse, chimapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndipo ndichoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kupindika pafupipafupi, monga njira yokwezera ma elevator ndi cranes.
Chingwe chamawaya: Chingwe cha malata ichi chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri ndipo ndichoyenera malo akunja kapena achinyontho.
Chingwe chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri: Chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chimapereka kukana kwa dzimbiri ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zapadera monga mafakitale amafuta, chakudya, ndi uinjiniya wam'madzi.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe zamawaya zimasiyanasiyana-kunyamula, kusinthasintha, ndi moyo wautumiki, kotero kusankha kuyenera kuganiziridwa motengera zosowa zenizeni.
III. Kusamala Pogwiritsira Ntchito Zingwe Wawaya
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamawaya, tsatirani mosamalitsa malamulo awa:
Pewani Kudzaza: Zingwe zamawaya zili ndi katundu wochepera-kunyamula. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti ntchitoyo isapitirire 80% ya mphamvu yosweka kuti mupewe kusweka chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira.
Pewani Kuphwanyidwa ndi Kuphwanyidwa: Mukamayendetsa zingwe zamawaya pamapule kapena ng'oma, onetsetsani kuti utali wopindika ukukwaniritsa zofunikira kuti mawaya asaduke chifukwa chopindika kapena kuphwanyidwa kwambiri.
Pewani Kukhudzana ndi Zinthu Zakuthwa: Sungani zingwe za mawaya kutali ndi m'mbali zakuthwa ndipo, ngati n'koyenera, ikani zotchingira zoteteza kuteteza mabala ndi mabala.
Pewani Kinking kapena Knotting: Sungani zingwe za waya molunjika mukamagwiritsa ntchito ndipo pewani kumenya kapena kumenya, chifukwa izi zidzakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ndi moyo wawo wautumiki.
IV. Njira Zosamalira Zingwe
Kukonzekera kwasayansi kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri moyo wautumiki wa zingwe zamawaya. Njira zazikuluzikulu zikuphatikiza:
Kuyang'ana Nthawi Zonse: Zingwe za waya ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti ziwone ngati mawaya osweka, kutha, dzimbiri, kapena kupindika. Ngati chiwerengero cha mawaya osweka chikuposa miyezo ya chitetezo, chiyenera kusinthidwa mwamsanga.
Mafuta ndi Kusamalira: Zingwe za waya zimayamba kutha pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kugundana pakagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera opaka mafuta nthawi zonse kumachepetsa kukangana pakati pa mawaya, kuchedwa kutha, komanso kupewa dzimbiri.
Kutsuka ndi Kupewa Dzimbiri: Zingwe za waya ziyenera kukhala zaukhondo ndi zopanda mafuta, dothi, kapena zinthu zowononga. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo achinyezi, njira zopewera dzimbiri ziyenera kuchitidwa, monga kupopera dzimbiri-mafuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamawaya.
Kusungirako Moyenera: Pamene sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zingwe zamawaya ziyenera kusungidwa pamalo ouma,{0}}mopanda mpweya wabwino kuti zisakhudzidwe ndi dzimbiri. Kukhota koyenera kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupewa kupindika komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali-.
Mapeto
Zingwe ndizofunika kwambiri-zigawo zonyamula, ndipo kusankha ndi kukonza kwake kumakhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha zida ndi ogwira ntchito. Moyo wautumiki ndi kudalirika kwa zingwe zamawaya zitha kupitilizidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kusankha kwasayansi, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera, komanso kukonza pafupipafupi. Muzochita zenizeni, ndondomeko yoyendetsera zingwe iyenera kupangidwa kutengera momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito kuti iwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito motetezeka komanso mogwira mtima nthawi yonse ya moyo wake.
